An experiment has unveiled critical insights into the effects of high ambient temperatures on crated sows during farrowing, raising significant welfare and performance concerns. This study, conducted by R. Muns, J. Malmkvist, M. L. V. Larsen, D. Sørensen, and L. J. Pedersen, aimed to assess how elevated temperatures affect sows’ behaviour, farrowing duration, physiological responses, and overall welfare.

Key Findings:

1. Behavioural Changes: HEAT sows spent more time lying in the lateral position during the 16 hours before and the 24 hours after the start of farrowing than CONTROL sows (P < 0.05). However, the total amount of time spent lying down did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.10). Heat stress in sows also, has a negative impact on farrowing duration.
2. Temperature Responses: HEAT sows exhibited higher rectal temperatures on day one after farrowing (P < 0.05) and had udder surface temperatures 0.9°C higher than CONTROL sows during the recording period (P < 0.05). They also showed a trend toward longer farrowing durations (P < 0.10).
3. Respiration Rates: Higher respiration rates were observed in HEAT sows on the day before and on the day of farrowing.
4. Feed Intake and Piglet Performance: CONTROL sows had significantly higher feed intake on days 7, 8, and 9 (P < 0.05). Piglets from CONTROL sows were also heavier at day 21 after farrowing compared to those from HEAT sows (P < 0.05).

Implications

The study’s findings emphasize the detrimental impact of high ambient temperatures on crated sows. Sows exposed to 25°C around farrowing experienced elevated respiration rates, increased rectal and udder temperatures, and reduced feed intake. These factors collectively contributed to lower piglet weaning weights, highlighting the need for better temperature management in farrowing environments.

Conclusion

High environmental temperatures around farrowing lead to significant heat stress in crated sows, negatively affecting their welfare and the performance of their offspring. This study underscores the importance of maintaining optimal temperature conditions to enhance sow health and piglet growth. Continued research and improved temperature management practices are essential for addressing these challenges and ensuring sustainable swine production.

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